Cogeneration of heat and power

Cogeneration is a technique where the production of heat and electricity occurs in a single process or power plant. A modern fossil-fuel power plant transforms about half the primary energy content of its fuel into electricity and rejects the rest as ‘waste’ heat. Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP), uses a part of that heat to satisfy a heat demand which would otherwise require energy from another source, usually a fuel. The heat is often in the form of hot exhaust gases, steam or hot water. CHP thus improves the overall efficiency of fuel utilisation and saves on primary energy in comparison to the conventional separate production of power and heat.

Existing cogeneration systems use various technologies. The produced heat is available in different forms and at different temperatures. Energy conversion efficiency varies considerably among these different systems. CHP plants operate using a variety of technologies, gas turbines, fuel cells, Stirling engines, gas or diesel engines and combined cycle gas turbines. Natural gas is the most common primary energy fuel, but renewable energy sources and waste can also be used. Unlike traditional power stations where waste heat is dissipated in cooling towers, river or sea water or radiators, the heat is dissipated instead in the desired processes.

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